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  3. Constipation: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

Constipation

Constipation is a common digestive problem that occurs when bowel movements become infrequent, difficult or painful. It can be caused by several factors, including a low-fiber diet, dehydration, lack of physical activity or certain medications. Symptoms of constipation include abdominal discomfort, bloating, and a feeling of incomplete bowel movements. Treatment options include lifestyle changes such as increasing fiber intake, drinking more water, and exercising more regularly. Over-the-counter medications like laxatives can also help alleviate symptoms. In some cases, a doctor may advise more advanced treatments, such as prescription medications or procedures to manually remove stool. It is important to address constipation promptly, as it can lead to other complications such as hemorrhoids or anal fissures.

Symptoms of Constipation

What are common symptoms of constipation?

Common symptoms of constipation include infrequent bowel movements, hard or lumpy stools, difficulty passing stools, abdominal discomfort or bloating, and a feeling of incomplete evacuation after a bowel movement. (Source: Mayo Clinic)

What causes constipation in adults?

Constipation is typically caused by slow movement of stool through the colon, which can be due to a range of factors, including a lack of dietary fiber, not drinking enough fluids, being sedentary or immobile, certain medications, ignoring the urge to have a bowel movement, and certain medical conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome or hypothyroidism. (Source: Harvard Health Publishing)

Can certain medications cause constipation?

Yes, certain medications can cause constipation as a side effect. Examples include opioids, calcium channel blockers, antacids containing aluminum or calcium, some antidepressants, and certain antispasmodic drugs. (Source: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases)

How does a low fiber diet contribute to constipation?

A low fiber diet can contribute to constipation because fiber helps to add bulk to stools and promotes regular bowel movements. Without enough fiber in the diet, stools can become hard and difficult to pass, leading to constipation. (Source: American Academy of Family Physicians)

Are hormonal changes a common cause of constipation?

Hormonal changes can be a common cause of constipation in women, particularly during pregnancy or around the time of menstruation. This is because hormones such as progesterone can slow down the movement of stool through the colon, leading to constipation. (Source: Cleveland Clinic)

Diagnosis of Constipation

How is constipation typically diagnosed?

Constipation is typically diagnosed based on an individual`s symptoms and medical history. Symptoms may include infrequent bowel movements, difficulty passing stools, or hard and dry stools. A physician will typically ask about any underlying medical conditions, medications, or dietary habits that may contribute to constipation.

What tests are commonly used to diagnose constipation?

Various tests may be used to diagnose constipation, depending on the severity and underlying causes of the condition. Anorectal manometry can be used to evaluate the strength and coordination of the muscles used in bowel movements. A colon transit study tests whether stool is moving through the colon effectively. Defecography is an x-ray of the rectum and anus during bowel movements.

Can blood tests help diagnose constipation?

Blood tests are not commonly used to diagnose constipation as there is typically no direct correlation between the two. However, blood tests may be used to rule out possible underlying conditions such as thyroid dysfunction or diabetes.

Are imaging tests frequently used to diagnose constipation?

Imaging tests are not frequently used as the initial method of diagnosing constipation, but may be helpful in ruling out certain underlying conditions. These tests may include colonoscopy or computed tomography (CT) scans.

Is a physical exam necessary for diagnosing constipation?

A physical exam is often necessary for diagnosing constipation as it allows a physician to assess the stool consistency, rectal tone, and look for signs of rectal prolapse or other abnormalities. A digital rectal exam may also be performed to check for rectal impaction or obstruction.

Treatments of Constipation

What are the most common medications used for treating constipation?

The most common medications used for treating constipation are laxatives, stool softeners, and fiber supplements. Laxatives work by increasing bowel movements, while stool softeners make bowel movements easier. Fiber supplements can help soften stool as well as add bulk to it, making it easier to pass. Examples of laxatives include Bisacodyl, Senna, and Lactulose. Examples of stool softeners include Docusate Sodium and Colace. Examples of fiber supplements include Psyllium and Methylcellulose.

How effective are lifestyle changes in the management of constipation?

Lifestyle changes can be effective in the management of constipation, especially when combined with medication. Some lifestyle changes that may help alleviate constipation symptoms include increasing physical activity, eating high-fiber foods, drinking plenty of fluids, and establishing regular bowel habits. Stress reduction techniques such as meditation or yoga may also help improve bowel movements.

What is the recommended frequency for using laxatives to treat constipation?

The frequency of using laxatives to treat constipation depends on the individual and the severity of their constipation. In general, it is recommended to use laxatives no more than once a day for up to a week. If constipation persists beyond a week, a medical evaluation should be pursued.

Can physical exercise help alleviate constipation symptoms?

Physical exercise can help alleviate constipation symptoms by increasing bowel movements and stimulating the colon. Regular exercise can also help promote regular bowel habits, leading to more consistent and easier bowel movements. However, it should be noted that intense exercise or dehydration can worsen constipation.

What are some home remedies that can be used to manage constipation?

There are several home remedies that can be used to manage constipation, including drinking plenty of water, eating foods high in fiber, consuming probiotics, using natural laxatives such as prunes or flaxseed, and establishing regular bowel habits. Additionally, avoiding foods that may worsen constipation, such as dairy products or processed foods, may also be helpful. It is important to note that home remedies should be used in conjunction with medication and medical evaluation if constipation persists.

Prognosis of Constipation

What is the expected duration of constipation?

The duration of constipation can vary depending on its cause, severity, and treatment. In most cases, constipation is a short-term problem that lasts a few days to a week. However, chronic constipation can last for weeks, months, or even years.

What percentage of patients will experience chronic constipation?

Source: "Constipation." Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 24 Aug. 2019, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/constipation/symptoms-causes/syc-20354253.

Does constipation increase the risk of other gastrointestinal diseases?

The prevalence of chronic constipation ranges from 2 to 27 percent, depending on the population studied and the definition used. In general, chronic constipation is more common in women and older adults.

How likely is it for constipation to recur after treatment?

Source: Bharucha, Adil E., and Satish S. C. Rao. "A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Prevalence and Clinical Features of Chronic Idiopathic Constipation in North America." The American Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 109, no. 7, 2014, pp. 1040–50., doi:10.1038/ajg.2014.126.

What factors indicate a positive or negative prognosis for constipation?

Chronic constipation may increase the risk of other gastrointestinal diseases, such as hemorrhoids, anal fissures, diverticulitis, and colorectal cancer. However, the causal relationship between constipation and these diseases is not clear and requires more research.

Prevention of Constipation

What are some dietary changes that can prevent constipation?

Some dietary changes that can prevent constipation include consuming a diet high in fiber, specifically insoluble fiber. Insoluble fiber adds bulk to stool and can help regulate bowel movements. Additionally, drinking enough water is important as this will help fiber move through the digestive tract more easily. Foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes are good sources of fiber. It is also important to limit highly processed foods, as well as foods that are low in fiber such as meat and dairy products.

How can staying hydrated help prevent constipation?

Source: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/constipation/symptoms-causes/syc-20354253

Is regular exercise important in preventing constipation?

Staying hydrated can help prevent constipation as water helps keep the stool soft and easier to pass through the digestive tract. When there is not enough water in the body, the stool can become hard and difficult to pass, leading to constipation. Experts recommend drinking at least 8-10 glasses of water per day to stay properly hydrated.

What are some lifestyle factors that contribute to constipation and how can they be avoided?

Source: https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/constipation-prevention-2019032516231

Are there any natural remedies or supplements that may help prevent constipation?

Regular exercise is important in preventing constipation. Exercise can stimulate intestinal contractions and promote the movement of stool through the digestive tract. Any type of physical activity can be helpful, including walking, jogging, cycling, or swimming. Experts recommend getting at least 30 minutes of exercise per day.